Parkinson’s Disease
What is Parkinson’s Disease?
Parkinson’s Disease is a disease of the nervous system that affects at least half a million people in the U.S. The cause of Parkinson’s Disease is unknown, but it results from a loss of nerve cells in certain regions of the brain responsible for movement. These nerve cells are responsible for the production of a chemical called dopamine. Consequently, people with Parkinson’s have lower levels of dopamine in different regions of their brain.
The cause of the disease is unknown, but there might be a genetic link to the disease, especially for those who have Parkinson’s before the age of 50. Males tend to be more affected then females, and it is a disease that more commonly affects the older population (those who are >60-70 yrs of age).
What are the symptoms?
Initially, you can experience symptoms on one side of your body, such as a hand tremor which can become worse at rest and improve with movement, trouble maintaining your posture or body position, slower movements, foot dragging, smaller handwriting or difficulty writing. You may have problems with balance and initiating any movements. Reading, writing, eating, and dressing can become burdensome. After some time, symptoms can progress to both sides of the body and you can have difficulty walking. Other symptoms of Parkinson’s include: decreased facial expressions, softer voice, depression, incontinence, sleep disorders, dementia, difficulty swallowing.
How do I know if I have Parkinson’s Disease?
Your doctor will perform an exam to determine if you have Parkinson’s. He or she may prescribe medicine called levodopa to test whether your symptoms improve on the medicine, suggesting that you have the disease. The doctor may also order specialized x-rays, such as an MRI or PET scan of the brain to look for changes or to rule out other disorders. A neurologist, or nervous system specialist, will most likely also be consulted to confirm the diagnosis.
What are the treatments:
The main treatment for Parkinson’s are pills, such as levodopa, bromocriptine, pergolide, pramipexole, or selegiline. These treatments help to contol the disease, but are not curative. Your doctor should discuss these options with you.
Surgery is becoming an option for those who become non-responsive to pills, and deep brain stimulation may also help to control symptoms.
It is important for families and caregivers to understand the nature of the disease so they can offer emotional and practical support. Support groups, physical therapy, and speech therapy can also help you cope with the disease. An occupational therapist can help improve your living environment to prevent falls (things you can do to prevent falls include taping rugs down, inserting handrails in bathtubs. You can also use non-slip bath tub mats or non slip tape).
http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/parkinsons_disease/parkinsons_disease_backgrounder.htm
http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/parkinsons_disease/detail_parkinsons_disease.htm#62473159
Copyright 2008-9, MD Kiosk
