Appendicitis

 

2: Risk Factors & Diagnosis

Appendicitis

What are the  risk factors for appendicitis?

Most cases of appendicitis occur between the ages of 11 and 20 years. Most cases of appendicitis occur in the winter months - between October and May. Having a family history of appendicitis may increase a child's risk for the illness, especially in males, and having cystic fibrosis also seems to put a child at higher risk.

How is appendicitis diagnosed?

In addition to a complete medical history and physical examination, diagnostic procedures for appendicitis may include the following:

  • Blood tests (to check for signs of infection such as elevated white blood cell count)
  • Urine tests (to rule out a urinary tract infection)
  • Imaging procedures, including the following:
  1. Abdominal ultrasound - a diagnostic imaging technique which uses high-frequency sound waves and a computer to create images of blood vessels, tissues, and organs. Ultrasounds are used to view internal organs as they function, and to assess blood flow through various vessels.
  2. Computed tomography scan of the abdomen, with or without barium (Also called a CT or CAT scan.) - a diagnostic imaging procedure that uses a combination of x-rays and computer technology to produce cross-sectional images (often called slices), both horizontally and vertically, of the body. A CT scan shows detailed images of any part of the body, including the bones, muscles, fat, and organs. CT scans are more detailed than general x-rays.
  3. Lower GI (gastrointestinal) series (also called barium enema) - a procedure that examines the rectum, the large intestine, and the lower part of the small intestine. A fluid called barium (a metallic, chemical, chalky, liquid used to coat the inside of organs so that they will show up on an x-ray) is given into the rectum as an enema. An x-ray of the abdomen shows strictures (narrowed areas), obstructions (blockages), and other problems.


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